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juridical person

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juridical person 法人。

法人。 “juridical“ 中文翻譯：   adj. 1.審判上的，司法上的；法院的。 2.法律上的 ...“person“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.人；個人。 2.〔蔑稱〕家伙。 3.容貌；身體 ...“consortium as a juridical person“ 中文翻譯：   財團法人“corporate juridical person“ 中文翻譯：   公司法人“dissolution of juridical person“ 中文翻譯：   公司解散“foreign juridical person“ 中文翻譯：   外國法人“foundational juridical person“ 中文翻譯：   財團法人“juridical person of an association“ 中文翻譯：   社團法人“juridical“ 中文翻譯：   adj. 1.審判上的，司法上的；法院的。 2.法律上的，合法的。 adv. -cally “judicial juridical“ 中文翻譯：   審判上的“juridical action“ 中文翻譯：   審判行為, 法律行為“juridical aggravation“ 中文翻譯：   裁判上的加重“juridical association“ 中文翻譯：   社團法人。 “juridical business“ 中文翻譯：   司法事務, 審判事務“juridical commission“ 中文翻譯：   法律委員會“juridical day“ 中文翻譯：   法院開庭日“juridical days“ 中文翻譯：   法院開庭日。 “juridical demand“ 中文翻譯：   審判上要求“juridical divorce“ 中文翻譯：   判決離婚“juridical entity“ 中文翻譯：   法律實體“juridical extenuation“ 中文翻譯：   裁判上減輕“juridical organization“ 中文翻譯：   司法組織“juridical personality“ 中文翻譯：   法律人格“juridical practice“ 中文翻譯：   司法慣例“juridical status“ 中文翻譯：   法律地位; 法律地住

jurisconsult

Part in analysis on current situations of the motivation and restriction system of the management in the state - run enterprise . it analyses and approaches the current situations of the motivation and restriction system in the state - run enterprise , including control on the internal personnel , 59 - year old phenomenon , consuming on post , and the standardization of juridical person ' s administering structure , etc . 第三部分：我國國有企業經營管理者激勵約束機制現狀分析本部分對我國國有企業激勵約束機制的現狀，包括“內部人控制” 、 “ 59歲現象” 、 “職位消費” 、法人治理結構的規范性等進行了分析探討。

Article 15 the entrusted investment promotion in agreement refers to the investment promotion and capital introduction organized by trustee in accordance with the entrusted investment contract signed between the city ' s people ' s government or project entity ( hereinafter referred to as the trustor ) and overseas citizens , juridical persons or other organizations ( hereinafter referred to as the trustee ) 第十五條西醫委托招商是指由本市人民政府或項目法人（以下簡稱委托人） ，與境內外公民，法人或其他組織（以下簡稱受托人）簽訂委托招商合同，受托人依據委托招商合同對外開展招商引資的行為。

At last , this paper , being aimed at the improper institution environment , and based on the changing of the system of property at the listed companies , in order to relieve the prevalence of disclosing false information essentially , puts forward the suggestion . the suggestion is to consummate a series of measures including the constructions of the juridical person controlling system , improve of the construction of the system of taking charge , strengthen the construction of sincerity , and to form soft institution environment having the ideology of sincerity 最后，針對制度環境的不完善，提出在首先改變上市公司產權制度的基礎上，采取完善法人治理制度、加強監管制度建設、加強誠信建設，形成具有誠信理念的意識形態的軟制度環境等措施，以期創造一個有效約束的制度環境，從根本上緩解虛假信息披露盛行的狀況。

This paper points out that if we want to regulate the owner ' s behavior we must start with reform present investment management system , as to government owner we must solve the problem of government investment project management mode , as to national enterprise “ owner we must settle down how to construct the mechanism of inspirit and supervise management if we want to regulate the engineering consultant enterprise , we must establish modern enterprise system in it , in order to let it to be the eligible juridical person and market principal part 指出規范業主行為就要從改革目前的投資管理體制入手，對待政府業主，要解決好政府投資工程的管理方式問題；對待國有企、事業單位業主則要解決好經營管理層人員的激勵和監督機制問題。規范監理企業的行為，必須在監理企業中建立現代企業制度，使監理企業成為合格的法人主體和市場主體，從完善企業內部機制入手，促使監理企業在監理市場中規范運作。

From the perspective of property right , firstly , juridical person administration should be perfected , the system of modern universities and colleges should be built up ; secondly , the pluralistic system of property right structure in public universities and colleges should be realized ; thirdly , the stimulation discipline mechanism should be established which the runners in universities and colleges can extort residual properties ; finally , efficient property management system should be established in public universities and colleges 基于產權視角的公立高校治理，首先，需要完善法人治理，建立現代學校制度；其次，實現公立高校產權結構多元化體制；第三，建立公立高校經營者剩余索取權的激勵約束機制；最后，建立有效的公立高校國有資產管理制度。

First , give the notion and characteristics of such system and simply comment on the essence and value of it , inspect the origin and development of the system of negating personality of juridical person . next , show brief description on its basic theory especially on its suitable conditions and scopes , exceptions , ways and classifications . and at last , the author has emphatically suggested his conception on how to set up the system of negating personality of juridical person in china 首先，簡述了法人人格否認制度的概念與特征，考察了法人人格否認制度之起源與發展，并對該制度的本質及價值作了簡要評析；其次，對法人人格否認制度之基本理論問題作了簡要論述，著重論述該制度的適用條件、適用范圍及其例外、法人人格否認的分類；最后，重點對建立我國的法人人格否認制度提出了作者個人的構想。

They are as follows : to establish basic principle of supervision of listed companies ; to set up principles that keep with international practices ; to perfect supervisory laws and regula tions ; to earning organization investors “ role in supervision of listed companies to play ; to continue to perfect the management structure of listed companies “ juridical person controlling ; to strengthen the self - building of supervisory main body of listed companies and to strengthen the supervision of intermediaries 包括確立上市公司監管的基本原則、建立符合國際慣例的上市公司監管理念、完善監管的法律法規制度、發揮機構投資者在上市公司監管中的作用、繼續督促上市公司完善法人治理結構、加強上市公司監管主體的自身建設、強化對中介機構的監管。

The legal nature concludes the points as following : firstly , geographical indication is a kind of int ellectual property ; secondly , it is a shared right of collective nature , thus it does not belong to any person and juridical person , but belong to all the producers who agree with the geographical indication granting standard in a nation or district . thirdly , geographical indication has the feature of permanence , which distinguishes itself from other kinds of intellectual property 地理標志的法律屬性應包括以下幾點：其一，地理標志是一種知識產權；其二，地理標志是一種集體性的共有權利，它不屬于某個自然人或法人，而是屬于一個國家或地區的符合授予地理標志標準的所有生產者；其三，地理標志具有永久性，不同于一般的知識產權。

Juridical person governance mechanism and big shareholder governance mechanism have no influence on the choice of capital structure of listed companies ; the mechanism of large - shareholder alliance has an obvious negative correlation with capital structure ; advanced manager governance mechanism is negatively related to capital structure ; independent director governance mechanism is positively related to capital structure ; and at the same time the empirical result of simultaneous equations shows that the four kinds of interior governance mechanism have no interactive relationship with capital structure 摘要法人治理機制和大股東治理機制對上市公司資本結構的選擇沒有影響；而少數大股東聯盟機制對資本結構呈顯著負相關關系；高管人員治理機制同資本結構呈顯著負相關關系；獨立董事治理機制同資本結構呈顯著正相關關系；同時聯立方程實證結果顯示，四種內部治理機制同資本結構沒有互動性關系。

It is grant operation of the our state - owned economy strategy adjustment that the separation between the core business and the sub - business of the state - owned enterprises and the sub - business reform , the object of which is that will set up the modem enterprise regulations suitable for the market economy , bettered the enterprise regulation suitable for the market juridical person running mechanism , the significance of which is that will has realized “ two tending towards “ through “ two displacing “ 國有大中型企業主輔分離輔業改制是我國國有經濟戰略調整的重大舉措，輔業改制的目標是建立符合社會主義市場經濟要求的現代企業制度，完善企業法人治理結構；意義在于通過“兩個置換” ，實現“兩個走向” ，即通過國有企業產權和國有企業職工身份的雙重置換，實現國有企業走向市場的同時國有企業職工也走向市場。

Tester is the third party 、 impartial and authoritative test organization with the qualification of independent juridical person , issue test report entirely based on the third party impartial ground and shall not be interfered and affected by any party , make serious confidential for the clients technical data , commercial data , property right , others instruction information concerning the test 十、承檢方作為具有獨立法人資格的第三方公正、權威檢測機構，其所出具的檢測報告完全是基于第三方正立場，不受任何一方的干預、影響，承檢方對檢測結果負責，對委托方涉及檢測的技術數據、商業數據、知識產權、產品其他性能等信息嚴格保密。

In theoretical study and judicial practice , it has become an urgent problem to be solved for our country that which model to be chosen for law making ; how to operate the model in judicial practice and how to distribute the civil responsibility after negating personality of juridical person 我國到底應選擇何種立法模式，司法實踐中該如何運作，法人人格否認后民事責任該如何分配，成為理論研究和司法實踐亟待解決的問題。為此，本文從三個方面對法人人格否認制度進行了論述。

The basic view is that the limited liability of shareholders is not based on the legal logic and it is established by law for the reason of economic rationalism . limited liability of shareholders is not the offspring of juridical person system but a legal system based on the economic rationalism 基本思路是說明股東有限責任制度不是法律邏輯的產物,法律確立該制度主要是基于經濟理性的考慮;股東有限責任制度并非法人制度的產物,而是基于經濟理性的法律選擇。

But agency system and representation are two kind of technique of law entirely different . they can satisfy different needs of juridical person and ca n ' t be replaced mutually . there are much drawback if regulate the representative act of juristic person of corporation by using agency theory 但是，代理制和代表制是兩種完全不同的法律技術和制度，兩者可滿足法人的不同需要，相互之間具有不可替代性，用代理理論來規制公司法人的代表行為將有諸多弊端。

The system of negating personality of juridical person , used as effective precautions against misusing the problem of personality of juridical person , has already been accepted and applied in most countries of anglo - american legal systems and civil law system , yet it is still in the bud in china 法人人格否認制度作為規制濫用法人人格問題的有效措施，雖然在英美法系和大陸法系國家已被普遍接受和廣泛采用，但在我國則尚處于萌芽階段。

The proprietary connotation of modem corporation system encompasses three divisions , which are division between ownership of stockholder and ownership of juridical person , division between ownership of stockholder and domination , division between ownership of corporation and management 現代公司制的產權內涵包括了三個分離：股東所有權與公司法人所有權的分離、股東所有權與控制權的分離、公司法人所有權與經營權的分離。

According to the statistics from shanghai stock exchange , major listed companies originated from state - owned enterprises , the even percentage of the state - owned stock that is not current in the market and the state - owned juridical person stock are 50 or so ( the climax is 80 % ) 據上海證券交易所統計，我國絕大部分上市公司由國有企業改制而來，尚未上市流通的國家股和國有法人股比重平均高達50 ，有的甚至高達80以上。

Where any of the shareholders of a company evades the payment of its debts by abusing the independent status of juridical person or the shareholder ' s limited liabilities , and thus seriously damages the interests of any creditor , it shall bear joint liabilities for the debts of the company 公司股東濫用公司法人獨立地位和股東有限責任，逃避債務，嚴重損害公司債權人利益的，應當對公司債務承擔連帶責任。

As a multi - juridical persons combo , corporate group is far different from the common corporate . as for the topic of creating value , there must be much difference in mechanism and disciplinarian between m & a of monomer corporation and that of corporate group 作為多法人聯合體的企業集團與一般企業有著很大的差異性，在價值創造這一主題下，單體企業間購并和企業集團購并的機理和規律必然有所不同。